Introduction
In this document, Samuel Saul presents his account of how Zierle, his travel companion, met her death by his hands. According to his version, he himself actually turns out to be her victim, while he portrays her as the stereotype of the disreputable maid.
The document is not only interesting for depicting interpersonal conflicts and their social background that touches on day to day life difficulties such as keeping dietary laws while on the road, or finding overnight accommodation, or topics such as forced conversions of Jews; rather, as a court document it also reflects the functioning of the early modern Prussian judicial system.
Source 1 Translation
Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin Dahlem
I HA Geheimer Rat Rep. 49 Fiskalia Lit. H Mord und Todschlag, Selbstmord, Paket 36
[297b]
He is called Samuel Saul und does not know exactly whether he is 22 or 23 years old. He is a Jew from Birnbaum, of Jewish parents, who actually lived in Czircke, Poland. When he was seven years old, he was abducted by a Polish nobleman called Ganoscky while taking a walk at a lake, [p. 298] who brought him to a forest warden to a place he did not know. After 10 weeks he was brought to Polnisch Neustadt to a Polish nobleman called von Kolminscky. He was baptised after having received lessons in Catholicism for several days. After the baptism, von Kolminscky brought him to a leased estate called Sembowe, where he stayed for four years and where he was educated in prayer and housekeeping by someone called Kosckowscky. Together with Kosckowscky he went from Sembowe to Czircke, were Kosckowscky had also leased an estate, and where he [Samuel; N.S.K.] worked as an overseer of the housekeeping. In both places, in Sembowe as well as in Czircke, he spoke several times with his parents, whom he had encouraged to rent a place in von Kolminscky’s distillery. But he [Samuel; N.S.K.] did not stay for long in Czirke, because he soon became ill and was brought to Neustadt to be cured, but he did not recuperate entirely and suffered from pain in his chest. On his request a Jew brought him from Neustadt to Birnbaum, but was sent by the Jewish community to Driesen; and from there, he was sent by his relatives to Friedeberg and from Friedeberg to Berlin to his brother Hirsch Saul. In Berlin he earned his living teaching writing. Immediately with crossing the border to this land [Prussia; N.S.K] he returned to the Jewish religion without any special ceremonies.
[298b]
Here in Berlin he was cured from his illness, which caused chest pain and coughing up blood, by Dr. Herz in the Jewish hospital. Then he worked as a servant for Aron Moses, after that for two years for Dr. Lemos. Then he worked as a servant for Itzig in his distillery for one year and then for 3 1⁄4 years for Schmey in Lagow, Tucheband, and in Frankfurt, and finally for Isaak zu Gusow as a distiller in Kerstenbruch and Quilitz, and with him he stayed for two years until the 9th of July 1791. While he worked in Quilitz he met a Polish Jewess with ragged appearance, called Zierle, who claimed to be from Lissa, although Jews coming from there did not know her, and who was hired as a waitress by his employer. She was a very malicious and quarrelsome person, who started arguments with everybody for nothing, so he never had any rest, because after being tired from working all day he had to settle disputes at night. Furthermore she was quite a hussy who whored around with every guy, also soliciting the defendant. Because of her he could no longer stay with his employer. She had started such a fuss lately about a rose his guest, the Jew Lazarus had taken from her flower pot she pulled off her cap and tore out her hair, even wanted to take her life, and so this terrible [299] scene prompted him to secretly leave Quilitz, even though he got on well with his employer. After he left he went to Frankfurt and from there to Zicher, seeking work with the distiller Andreas. But there was already the Jew Schmey from Frankfurt who told him that his former employer was very upset because of his leaving secretly. This communication together with a letter from Isaak prompted him to return to Quilitz and to settle accounts. Therefore he returned to Frankfurt and from there to Zicher. He stayed for a few weeks with the Jew Schmey, and from there he undertook some short trips to neighboring places in order to look for work, and one journey to Quilitz to get properly discharged. At this opportunity he heard that Zierle claimed to be pregnant by him, but when he confronted her, she denied it. Approximately six or seven weeks after having left his workplace for the first time, on Monday, the 22nd of August 1791, Zierle came to him to Zicher with another woman, allegedly from Quilitz, of whom he does not know her whereabouts, but who claimed to be on her way to Landsberg when she saw how much he looked alarmed. After a cup of coffee together she [Zierle] came out with her assertion that she was pregnant by him. As he was not aware of any bodily contact with her he could not comprehend how she arrived at the accusation, but Zierle reaffirmed it, crying and screaming, and demanded that he marry her in a [299b] town. In order to avoid publicity he went with her to the loft, and there he offered her everything he had, his money, his shirts and his watch, because no avowals would dissuade her from her accusations, she even wanted to swear to it. His offers were in vain, and she insisted that he should go with her this very Monday and only with difficulty did he persuade her to stay the night. He hoped she would change her mind, but she woke him up at 1:00 or 2:00 in the morning, demanding that he go with her. This is what he did, as he still believed he could dissuade her from her unjustified claims and, based on that, from her demand to marry her. They both went towards Soldin, via Neudamm, where they had breakfast, and via Berneuchen to Wusterwitz. On the way they sat down in the heath, and when she fell asleep, he absconded. But before he even reached Wusterwitz she came after him, furious, and yelling that he had left her. In Wusterwitz he went with her into a tavern, ordered beer and butter, visited the local distiller in order to see if he could possibly find a place to stay, returned to the tavern and then went on his way. Zierle followed him again, and so they both went towards Doelzig. He did not want Zierle to accompany him and therefore threatened her, brandishing a stick, then we went [300] an alternate route to the abovementioned place and when he was approx. ten or five steps away from the boundary ditch on the side of Wusterwitz, and approx. 100 or 200 steps away from the road. Here he lay down and slept, but Zierle followed him and demanded from him, crying and screaming, that he should go with him to a village. The accused was ashamed to continue walking with her and therefore told her she should go ahead and see whether she could get a fish dish. Zierle, however, did not want to leave him and gave him a hard time, so that he slapped her in the face. She continued to make a fuss and to quarrel. Thereupon he calmed her down, took out his bread and butter and ate. Zierle became agitated again and ran towards him, thus running into the knife. She sat down while flailing around with her hands, but she did not say a word. So the accused took his bag and the knife and continued walking to Doelzig. He spent the night in a village he did not know, a mile from Doelzig, with a peasant, who drove him the next morning to the next village called Genin. There he picked up from a Jewess butter and cheese for 2 Reichstaler and several Groschen for the Jew Schmey, also received an answer to his inquiry whether he could get work in the local distillery. From there he [300b] went on to Landsberg, but returned the same day to Genin after he had bought cotton for Schmey and asked for a letter to the dragoon Schroeder from the general von Normann. In Genin he spent the night at the house of the Jewess and drove the following day to Doelzig. Here he was arrested, because he had to admit that two days before he walked from Wusterwitz to Doelzig with a woman. The accused claims he returned from Landsberg to Doelzig in order to dissuade Zierle from her allegations that she was pregnant by him, and because he wanted to help her he brought along wine. He did not think she was in such a critical state, because she was still alive and was flailing with her hands when he went away. He neither saw blood on her body nor on his knife, and he did not know how little or badly she was wounded, otherwise he would not have returned from Landsberg but would have continued walking. He does not know how the injury came about, because he was out of his senses at the time, as Zierle had upset him so much.